© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. And such a perspective successfully avoids the opposition between the transplanting school and rural school, which pushes forward the frontier of research on contentious political theories and rural societies. This book applies a very unique perspective -"vigor" in the Chinese culture -to understand contemporary rural contentious politics, in an attempt to overcome the problem brought by sense and sensibility and the confrontation between power and morality in the current contentious politics studies. His analyses also focused the changes in techniques and strategies of the governments' stability maintenance, as well as the complicated social and political consequences brought by these changes. In the background of prominent social conflicts since the 1990s during China's social transformation, the author conducted in-depth comparative analyses of several conflicts to understand the changes in goals, driving forces, and operating systems in the Chinese rural group contentions. This book is the last work of the author's trilogy on Chinese rural politics. It is strongly recommended for local government to facilitate farmers to access the new business center through training, business meeting, and linking to the market to improve farmer livelihood. They broaden friendship, create brotherhood, and help each other to make lending and borrowing money easier. They also decrease the consumption of food, clothing, and medicines. The Cukangkawung’s farmers earned income by implementing a set of strategies by intensifying and extensively farming business, increase value-added, get a transfer from children, and make an investment, while Labuhan Badas farmers neither able to intensify farming business nor increase added value. The Cukangkawung’s farmers practice agroforestry in both village and private lands, while the Labuhan Badas farmers only in the state land. The result revealed that farmers in both locations showed different strategies of livelihood survival, although identical in characteristic. The data were collected through observation and interviews with 30 farmers in Cukangkawung and 30 farmers in Labuhan Badas and analyzed descriptively. The research Ade was conducted in February and April 2017. This paper aims to evaluate the strategy of livelihoods survival of farmers at two research plots located in Cukangkawung village, Tasikmalaya District and Labuhan Badas Village, Sumbawa Districts. Sharecroppers need their own strategy of livelihood survival due to low income from the farming of dry land and paddy field. Limited income makes farmers can not save even they have to borrow money to supplement the family income either eat or buy school supplies for children. This farmersgroup use their earnings for the daily needs of the family and the other half to farm. While farmers lower group implement survival strategies. The two groups have incomes that exceed the needs of farming and of the results they could buy a cow, land or other assets. The results showed that the upper and middle groups of farmers tend to apply the accumulation strategy while consolidation strategy was not found. Collection of secondary data derived from the Urban Village Office of Pandu, Manado City. Each group selected five respondents, so a total of 15 respondents. Selection of the sample is purposive stratified sampling. ![]() The primary data obtained from interviews to three (3) groups. The research was conducted in November 2015 through to March 2016. Most of them live from farming activities. This research was conducted in the urban village of Pandu, Sub-District Bunaken, Manado City. This study aims to describe how farmers carry out a strategy of life on three groups of farmer: upper layer, middle layer and peasant farmers to finance their family daily life.
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